Paramagnetic Substances

Paramagnetic Substances Explained in Simple Words
Paramagnetic Substances Characteristics

Definition:

Paramagnetic substances are those substances that are weakly attracted to a magnetic field. This attraction is due to the presence of unpaired electrons in their atoms, which become aligned with the external magnetic field. Here are the step-by-step details of paramagnetic substances:

1-Atoms: 

The basic unit of any substance is an atom. In a paramagnetic substance, each atom has unpaired electrons in its outermost shell.

2-Magnetic moment: 

When an external magnetic field is applied to a paramagnetic substance, the unpaired electrons in the atoms align themselves in the direction of the magnetic field. This alignment creates a magnetic moment in each atom, which is the measure of the strength of the magnetism in the atom.

3-Magnetic domains: 

In a paramagnetic substance, the magnetic moments of individual atoms are randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. However, when an external magnetic field is applied, these magnetic moments tend to align themselves with the external field. The alignment of the magnetic moments creates magnetic domains in the substance.

4-Magnetization: 

The magnetization of a paramagnetic substance is the magnetic moment per unit volume of the substance. It is directly proportional to the external magnetic field strength.

5-Curie's Law: 

The relationship between magnetization and temperature for a paramagnetic substance is described by Curie's Law. According to Curie's Law, the magnetization of a paramagnetic substance is inversely proportional to the temperature.

Examples of paramagnetic substances: 

Some examples of paramagnetic substances include aluminum, platinum, titanium, and gadolinium.
Summary:
In summary, paramagnetic substances have unpaired electrons in their atoms, which create magnetic moments. When an external magnetic field is applied, these magnetic moments tend to align themselves with the external field, creating magnetic domains in the substance. The magnetization of a paramagnetic substance is directly proportional to the external magnetic field strength and inversely proportional to the temperature.